第１問　１
Ben has used his bike since childhood, but it is too small for him now.

第１問　２
I’m going camping for three days. I’ll see you when I return on Tuesday.

第１問　３
I don’t like the look of those Clouds. You should take an umbrella.

第１問　４
I was winning the race, but one runner overtook me before I reached the goal.

第１問　５
Each adult has two single-eyed monsters.

第１問　６
There are piano performances on nearly all of the mornings and afternoons at the music festival.

第１問　７
People standing in a long line are waiting for the bus, which has not come yet.

第２問　８
Man: I’ll stick the cake poster on the door. Is that OK? Woman: 0h. I’d prefer it on the window. Man: I see. In the middle, then? Woman: Near the door is better than in the middle. Question: Where will the man probably put the poster?

第２問　９
Woman: Don’t forget we arranged to do a workout together alter lunch. Man: I know. I’ll be back from the library by then. Woman: Great! Then we’ll see a movie after dinner? Man: Yes. I booked a table for 6 pm. Question: Which is the man’s schedule?

第２問　１０
Man: Did you pack your suitcase? Woman: My clothes are in, and so is my medicine, but I haven’t packed my toothbrush yet. Man: And a map? I can lend you mine. Woman: OK. I’ll put it in my suitcase later. Question: What is in the daughter’s suitcase now?

第２問　１１
Woman: The bypass is busiest with cars on Saturday. Man: And trucks use it on Monday and Tuesday more than other days. Woman: Motorcycles use the bypass least on Thursday and Friday. Man: Interesting! Question: Which graph are the speakers talking about?

第３問　１２
Woman: I need to cancel our trip to the lake. Sorry! Man: Why? Women: I haven’t finished a project for work and I don’t have much time left. Man: Bring it and do it there. It’ll be quiet. Woman: Good idea! It’s better than doing it at home. OK! Let’s pack the car. Where does the woman plan to complete her project?

第３問　１３
Woman: I think I left my phone somewhere in the shopping center. Man: Oh, no. The last shop we went into was the sports store. Woman: I know, but I didn’t buy anything there. I last used it to buy coffee. Man: So, it must be in the cafe. Let’s go back there now. Why will the man and woman go back to the shopping center?

第３問　１４
Man: Ms. Bern, how can I improve my Japanese? Woman: What have you been doing until now? Man: Using Japanese textbooks to learn new words, but it’s difficult to remember them. Woman: How about an online class? You can talk to Japanese people and get lots of practice. Man: Thanks! What advice does the boy’s teacher give him?

第３問　１５
Man: Is that a new sweater, Claire? I haven’t seen you wearing it before. Woman: Yeah, I just got it yesterday. It’s my favorite brand. Man: The bright color really suits you. Woman: Thanks, I was worried because I usually wear darker clothing. How does the man feel about the sweater on the woman?

第４問　１６
Man: Did you have a good holiday at the beach? Woman: I’m happy I’m back. The weather was had most days. Man: Oh, sorry. How was the hotel? Woman: The food was wonderful, but I regret that our room didn’t have an ocean view. Man: I see. Maybe next time, go on a cruise. What did the woman enjoy about her holiday?

第４問　１７
Man: That smells delicious. What are you cooking? Woman: I’m trying to make a dish from South America. Man: Did you find it on the Internet or in a book? Woman: Actually, Carlos messaged me the recipe. He’ s a chef at a South American restaurant. Man: I didn’t know that. It’s nice having interesting friends like him. How did the woman get the recipe for the dish?

第４問 18 ～ 21
Every year, one hundred visitors to the Snow Valley Resort are asked this question in a survey: What is your favorite thing at the resort? They are asked to select only one of four choices: “Restaurant,” “Skiing," “Snowboarding,” or “Spa." In 1992, six times more visitors than this year said their favorite activity was skiing. However, the restaurant is six times more popular now than in 1992. The spa was the second most popular activity 30 years ago, but it is the most popular activity today. Snowboarding is now the third most popular.

第４問 18 ～ 21

Every year, one hundred visitors to the Snow Valley Resort are asked this question in a survey: What is your favorite thing at the resort? They are asked to select only one of four choices: “Restaurant,” “Skiing," “Snowboarding,” or “Spa." In 1992, six times more visitors than this year said their favorite activity was skiing. However, the restaurant is six times more popular now than in 1992. The spa was the second most popular activity 30 years ago, but it is the most popular activity today. Snowboarding is now the third most popular.

第４問 22 ～ 25
Thanks for helping me finish the materials for today’s meeting. Increasing staff to speed up check-in will have an intermediate cost. Adding moving walkways will have a high cost but it’s necessary. The cost of improving security checks and boarding times is unknown. We need to consult with the government agency and airlines on each one respectively. For baggage unloading, we also have to upgrade the equipment and add staff; so that will make the cost high.

第４問 22 ～ 25

Thanks for helping me finish the materials for today’s meeting. Increasing staff to speed up check-in will have an intermediate cost. Adding moving walkways will have a high cost but it’s necessary. The cost of improving security checks and boarding times is unknown. We need to consult with the government agency and airlines on each one respectively. For baggage unloading, we also have to upgrade the equipment and add staff; so that will make the cost high.

第４問 26
1. Great Heights is excellent. It only required a few actors. However, we needed many things like animals and detailed backgrounds which took time to make. It cost us $700 in total, but it _was worth it. 2. We loved Jacksonville. It was quick to prepare. It suited our 19-member drama group well, and everyone could have a role in the play itself. But I’m afraid the costumes alone will put you over budget. . 3. My Time’s story is great. Excellent for drama groups who have little time to get it set up and on stage. There were two main characters and about ten minor characters. It won’t cost you more than $500. 4. The Green was easy to do from start to finish. It required a big east with over 2.0 performers involved in the show. Despite needing many members, the cost of doing the play won’t be any issue for you.

第４問 26

1. Great Heights is excellent. It only required a few actors. However, we needed many things like animals and detailed backgrounds which took time to make. It cost us $700 in total, but it _was worth it.
2. We loved Jacksonville. It was quick to prepare. It suited our 19-member drama group well, and everyone could have a role in the play itself. But I’m afraid the costumes alone will put you over budget. .
3. My Time’s story is great. Excellent for drama groups who have little time to get it set up and on stage. There were two main characters and about ten minor characters. It won’t cost you more than $500.
4. The Green was easy to do from start to finish. It required a big east with over 2.0 performers involved in the show. Despite needing many members, the cost of doing the play won’t be any issue for you.

第５問 27 ～ 32
A “familect” consists of unique words and phrases used by people in the same household. The word comes from two English words, “family” and “dialect,” which means a form of language specific to just one group. But familects are not limited to families. They can be shared by people you spend long periods of time with. Familects usually include just a few words, nicknames or phrases that are repeated often. Words and phrases often enter familecta through jokes, misunderstandings and funny situations that households experience together. For example, a child may mispronounce a word while learning a new language. In turn, the child’s parents find the mispronounced word funny and begin using it themselves. 01’ a student may mix up two roommates’ names. In turn, this turns into a private joke. “ Familects are similar to slang among people of the same age or social group. But there are key differences. For example, slang is often taken from music, TV shows, or social media. Therefore, it has meaning for many people. Both familects and slang mark group identities, but some teens and young adults use slang to express new identities or disagreements with older people. By contrast, familects are used to create closeness and heal conflicts. Repstitions of familiar words after arguments or stressful situations remind people of the bonds they share. Languages are living things, so people often add new meanings. Children play a unique role in this process and often make important contributions to femilects. The beginnings of close bonds, such as when couples or roommates are first learning about each other, also shape these private home languages. This is also true for difficult experiences like becoming new parents or starting university.

第５問 27 ～ 32

A “familect” consists of unique words and phrases used by people in the same household. The word comes from two English words, “family” and “dialect,” which means a form of language specific to just one group. But familects are not limited to families. They can be shared by people you spend long periods of time with. Familects usually include just a few words, nicknames or phrases that are repeated often.
Words and phrases often enter familecta through jokes, misunderstandings and funny situations that households experience together. For example, a child may mispronounce a word while learning a new language. In turn, the child’s parents find the mispronounced word funny and begin using it themselves. 01’ a student may mix up two roommates’ names. In turn, this turns into a private joke. “
Familects are similar to slang among people of the same age or social group. But there are key differences. For example, slang is often taken from music, TV shows, or social media. Therefore, it has meaning for many people. Both familects and slang mark group identities, but some teens and young adults use slang to express new identities or disagreements with older people. By contrast, familects are used to create closeness and heal conflicts. Repstitions of familiar words after arguments or stressful situations remind people of the bonds they share.
Languages are living things, so people often add new meanings. Children play a unique role in this process and often make important contributions to femilects. The beginnings of close bonds, such as when couples or roommates are first learning about each other, also shape these private home languages. This is also true for difficult experiences like becoming new parents or starting university.

第５問 33
Studies of language learning show the importance of familects. During critical early periods, the private dialects spoken at home have a significant influence on how children understand and use anguage. Active, playful uses of language at home help children learn words from other sources.

第６問 34, 35
Sara: Are you still holding onto that old keyboard, Eliot? Eliot: Yeah, Sara. I know you think I should get rid of it... Sara: You’ve had it for a year, but you haven’t fixed it. Eliot: I’ve been busy, and keyboard parts are difficult to find. Sara: So buy a new keyboard! Then you can play music instead of keeping an old keyboard that doesn’t work. Eliot: But it’s wasteful to throw it away. It’s good for the environment to reuse items! Sara: I think you like the 1990s’ keyboards because of how they look! Eliot: I admit that’s part of it! But the keyboard feels solid compared to newer models. Sara: Maybe, but it’s a waste of time and money to buy old keyboard parts and try to fix a 30-year-old instrument. Even if you fix it, how long will it last? Eliot: I don’t know. Sara: Let’s get a new keyboard at the music store this weekend! Eliot: I’d rather try to help the environment. But you’ve inspired me! Sara: Oh? Eliot: I’ll order the keyboard parts this weekend. If I can’t fix it by January, I might take your advice. Sara: OK.

第６問 34, 35

Sara: Are you still holding onto that old keyboard, Eliot?
Eliot: Yeah, Sara. I know you think I should get rid of it...
Sara: You’ve had it for a year, but you haven’t fixed it.
Eliot: I’ve been busy, and keyboard parts are difficult to find.
Sara: So buy a new keyboard! Then you can play music instead of keeping an old keyboard that doesn’t work.
Eliot: But it’s wasteful to throw it away. It’s good for the environment to reuse items!
Sara: I think you like the 1990s’ keyboards because of how they look!
Eliot: I admit that’s part of it! But the keyboard feels solid compared to newer models.
Sara: Maybe, but it’s a waste of time and money to buy old keyboard parts and try to fix a 30-year-old instrument. Even if you fix it, how long will it last?
Eliot: I don’t know.
Sara: Let’s get a new keyboard at the music store this weekend!
Eliot: I’d rather try to help the environment. But you’ve inspired me!
Sara: Oh?
Eliot: I’ll order the keyboard parts this weekend. If I can’t fix it by January, I might take your advice.
Sara: OK.

第６問 36,37
Lara: I recently started working at a software company with a wonderful policy! Andy: What’s that, Lara? Lara: All of us workers spend 20% of our time on various projects that we choose, Andy. Jiro: That’s one full day every week, Lara! Lara: Right, Jiro. Alyssa: I don’t think that’s wise, Lara. At my job, managers decide exactly how workers spend their time. Do workers play videogames during the 20% of their time? Lara: No, Alyssa! Actually, the policy benefits my company. Some of our most profitable products were developed during the 20% time. That’s added significant value over the years. Andy: It must help workers’ motivation, Lara! The best way to keep people happy is to encourage creativity and value their ideas. Alyssa: But important tasks must go unfinished, Andy. Jiro: I agree, Alyssa. I’m sure workers feel pressure to finish everything during the other 80% of their week. Do they work longer hours to make up for it, Lara? Lara: No, Jiro. Andy: I’ve read people work more effectively when they feel fulfilled. I expect this policy helps workers manage their time better , too. Alyssa: It’s not right for every business, Andy. I work at a car company. We always have trouble meeting our production goals. It must be similar at your job, Jiro. Jiro: I agree it wouldn’t work everywhere, Alyssa!

第６問 36,37

Lara: I recently started working at a software company with a wonderful policy!
Andy: What’s that, Lara?
Lara: All of us workers spend 20% of our time on various projects that we choose, Andy.
Jiro: That’s one full day every week, Lara!
Lara: Right, Jiro.
Alyssa: I don’t think that’s wise, Lara. At my job, managers decide exactly how workers spend their time. Do workers play videogames during the 20% of their time?
Lara: No, Alyssa! Actually, the policy benefits my company. Some of our most profitable products were developed during the 20% time. That’s added significant value over the years.
Andy: It must help workers’ motivation, Lara! The best way to keep people happy is to encourage creativity and value their ideas.
Alyssa: But important tasks must go unfinished, Andy.
Jiro: I agree, Alyssa. I’m sure workers feel pressure to finish everything during the other 80% of their week. Do they work longer hours to make up for it, Lara?
Lara: No, Jiro.
Andy: I’ve read people work more effectively when they feel fulfilled. I expect this policy helps workers manage their time better , too.
Alyssa: It’s not right for every business, Andy. I work at a car company. We always have trouble meeting our production goals. It must be similar at your job, Jiro.
Jiro: I agree it wouldn’t work everywhere, Alyssa!